|
Metric
Measures
Length
| MEASURE |
SYMBOL |
|
|
| millimetre |
mm. |
0.001‡
|
0.039
inch
|
| centimetre |
cm. |
0.01
|
0.394
inch
|
| decimetre |
dm. |
0.1
|
3.937
inches
|
| metre |
m. |
1.0
|
39.370
inches
|
| decametre |
dkm. |
10.0
|
32.808
feet
|
| hectometre |
hm. |
100.0
|
109.361
yards
|
| kilometre |
km. |
1,000.0
|
0.621
mile
|
| myriametre |
myra. |
10,000.0
|
6.214
miles
|
*This
is the more common international spelling. In the U.S. metre is
spelled meter.
‡The symbol , is used to separate numbers between hundreds and thousands, etc.; the symbol . is used to indicated
decimals. |
Area
| MEASURE |
SYMBOL |
VALUE
IN SQUARE METRES
|
APPROXIMATE
EQUIVALENT
|
| sq.
centimetre |
sq.
cm. or cm.2 |
0.00001
|
0.155
sq. inch
|
| sq.
metre |
sq.
m. or m.2 |
1.0
|
10.764
sq. feet or 1,196 sq. yards
|
| sq.
kilometre |
sq.
km. or km.2 |
1,000
|
000.0
247 acres or 0.3861 sq, miles
|
| centare |
ca. |
1.0
|
10.764
sq. feet or 1.196 sq. yards
|
| are |
a. |
100.0
|
119.599
sq. yards or 0.0247 acres |
| hectare |
ha. |
10,000.0
|
2.471
acres
|
Volume and Capacity
|
MEASURE
|
SYMBOL
|
VALUE
IN CUBIC METRES
|
APPROXIMATE
EQUIVALENT
|
| cu.
centimetre |
cc.,
cu. cm., or cm.3 |
0.000001
|
0.061
cu. inch
|
| cu.
metre |
cu.
m. or mc.3 |
1.0
|
1.308
cu. yards or 35.315 cu. feet
|
| |
| decistere |
ds. |
0.1
|
3.532
cu. feet
|
| stere |
s. |
1.0
|
1.308
cu. yards or 35.315 cu. feet |
| decastere |
dks. |
10.0
|
13,080
cu. yards
|
Volume and Capacity
(continued)
| MEASURE |
SYMBOL |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| millilitre* |
ml. |
0.001
|
1.0
cc.
|
0.06
cu. in. |
0.28
fl. dram |
0.27
fl. dram |
--
|
| centilitre |
cl. |
0.01
|
10.0
cc.
|
0.6
cu. in. |
0.36
fl. ounce
|
0.34
fl. ounce |
--
|
| decilitre |
dl. |
0.1
|
100.0
cc.
|
6.1
cu. in. |
0.18
pint |
0.21
pint |
0.18
pint |
| litre |
l. |
1.0
|
1,000.0
cc. or 0.001 cu. m.
|
61.02
cu. in. |
0.88
quart |
1.057
quarts |
0.908
quart |
| decalitre |
dkl. |
10.0
|
0.01
cu. m.
|
0.35
cu. foot |
2.20
gallons |
2.64
gallons |
1.134
bushels |
| hectolitre |
hl. |
100.0
|
0.1
cu. m.
|
3.53
cu. feet |
2.75
bushels |
21.997
gallons |
2.84
bushels |
| kilolitre |
kl. |
1,000.0 |
1
cu. m.
|
1.31
cu. yards |
3.44 quarters |
220
gallons |
28.38
bushels |
| myrialitre |
myl. |
10,000.0 |
10
cu. m.
|
13.1
cu. yards |
34.4
quarters |
2200
gallons |
283.8
bushels |
| *This
is the more common international spelling. In the U.S. litre is
spelled liter. |
Weight
| MEASURE |
SYMBOL |
VALUE
IN GRAMS
|
APPROXIMATE
EQUIVALENT
|
| |
|
|
AVOIRDUPOIS*
|
TROY AND APOTHECARY‡
|
| milligram |
mg. |
0.001
|
0.015
grain |
0.015 grain |
| centigram |
cg. |
0.01
|
0.154
grain |
0.154
grain |
| decigram |
dg. |
0.1
|
1.543
grains |
1.543
grains |
| gram |
g. |
1.0
|
0.035
ounce or 15.432 grains |
0.032
ounce, 0.77 scruple apoth., or 0.643 pennyweight T. |
| decagram |
dkg. |
10.0
|
0.353
ounce |
0.322
ounce |
| hectogram |
hg. |
100.0
|
3.527
ounces |
3.215
ounces |
| kilogram |
kg. |
1,000.0
|
2.205
pounds |
2.680
pounds |
| myriagram |
myg. |
10,000.0
|
22.046
pounds |
26.810
pounds |
| quintal |
q. |
100,000.0
|
220.46
pounds |
268.10
pounds |
| metric
tonne |
mt.; t. |
1,000,000.0
|
2,204.62
pounds or 1.102 tons |
2680.97
pounds |
*Avoirdupois
(Avoir.) weights are the common weight used for all objects except
drugs and precious stones and metals.
‡Apothecary (Apoth.) weights are used for drugs and pharmaceuticals.
Troy (T.) weights are used for precious stones and metals. |
Temperature and
Heat
| MEASURE |
SYMBOL |
VALUE
|
APPROXIMATE
EQUIVALENT
|
| degree
Celsius* |
°C. |
1/100
of the temperature from the freezing point of water (0°
C.) to the boiling point of water (100° C.)
|
1.8°
Fahrenheit |
| calorie‡ |
cal.
or c. |
Metric
measure of the heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram
of pure water 1 ° C.
|
0.004
British thermal unit or 4.2 joules |
| kilocalorie‡ |
C. |
The
heat needed to raise 1000 grams of water 1° C. or 1000 calories,
used for measuring the energy in food and there called, simply,
calorie.
|
4
British thermal units or 4,200 joules |
*Note:
0° Celsius equals 32° Fahrenheit. To convert from Celsius to Fahrenheit,
divide the number of degrees by 5, multiply by 9, and add 32.
To convert from Fahrenheit to Celsius, subtract 32 from the number
of degrees, divide by 9, and multiply by 5.
‡Note: There are a variety of calories with slightly different
exact measurements. They are the thermochemical calorie, 4.184
joules; the normal or 15° calorie, 4.1855 joules; the International
Steam Table calorie, 4.187 joules; the mean calorie, 4.1897 joules;
the small calorie or therm, 4.2045; and the large calorie or Calorie,
4,204 joules. The figures above can be used as general estimators
for all types of calories. |
Measurements
and Measurement Conversions
Our publications include a Guide to International Measurement Systems.
U.S.
and Imperial Measures
|
MEASURE
|
SYMBOL
|
VALUE
|
APPROXIMATE
METRIC EQUIVALENT
|
| inch |
in.
or " |
0.083
(1/12) foot or 0.027 (1/36) yard‡ |
2.54
centimetres* |
| foot |
ft.
or ' |
12
inches or 0.333 (1/3) yard |
30.48
centimetres |
| yard |
yd. |
36
inches or 3 feet |
0.914
metre |
| rod |
rd. |
16.5
feet or 5.5 yards |
5.029
metres |
| furlong |
fur. |
220
yards or 40 rods |
201.168
metres |
| mile |
mi. |
5,280
feet, 320 rods, or 1,760 yards |
1.609
kilometres |
| nautical
mile |
nmi. |
6
076.1 feet or 1.1508 miles |
1.852
kilometres |
| admiralty
mile |
|
6,080
feet or 1.1515 miles |
1.853
kilometres |
*This
is the more common international spelling. In the U.S. metre is
spelled meter.
‡The symbol , is used to separate numbers between hundreds and thousands, etc.; the symbol . is used to indicated
decimals. |
Area
|
MEASURE
|
SYMBOL
|
VALUE
|
APPROXIMATE
METRIC EQUIVALENT
|
| square
inch |
sq.
in. or in.2 |
0.007
(1/144) square foot (sq. foot) |
6.452
sq. centimetres |
| square
foot |
sq.
ft. or ft.2 |
144
sq. inches or 0.11 (1/9) sq. yard |
0.093
sq. metre |
| square
yard |
sq.
yd. or yd.2 |
1
296 sq. inches or 9 sq. feet |
0.836
sq. metre |
| square
rod |
sq.
rd. or rd .2 |
30.25
sq. yards or 0.006 acre |
25.293
sq. metres |
| acre |
a. |
160
sq. rods or 4,840 sq. yards |
0.405
hectare, 40.468 ares, or 4047 sq. metres |
| square
mile |
sq.
mi. or mi.2 |
640
acres or 102,400 sq. rods |
2.590
sq. kilometres |
Volume and Capacity
|
MEASURE
|
SYMBOL
|
VALUE
|
APPROXIMATE
METRIC EQUIVALENT
|
| cubic
inch |
cu.
in. or in.3 |
0.00058
cubic foot (cu. foot) |
16.387
cu. centimetres* |
| cubic
foot |
cu.
ft. or ft.3 |
1,728
cu. inches or 0.037 cu. yard |
0.028
cu. metre |
| cubic
yard |
cu.
yd. or yd.3 |
27
cu. feet or 46,656 cu. inches |
0.765
cu. metre |
| *One cubic centimetre equals one millilitre. |
Volume and Capacity
(continued)
|
U.S.
MEASURE
|
SYMBOL
|
VALUE
IN SAME SYSTEM
|
APPROXIMATE
EQUIVALENT
|
| |
|
|
METRIC
|
IMPERIAL
|
| minim |
min. |
1/60
fl. dram or 0.003759 cu. inch |
0.0616
cu. centimetre* |
1.04
minim |
| fluid
dram |
fl.
dr. |
60
minims or 0.225 cu. inch |
3.697
cu. centimetres |
1.04
fluid dram |
| fluid
ounce |
fl.
oz. |
8
fl. drams or 1.804 cu. inches |
29.573
millilitres |
1.04
fluid ounce |
| gill |
gl. |
4
fluid ounces or 7.218 cu. inches |
118.291
millilitres or 1.183 decilitres |
4.16
fluid ounce or 0.83 gill |
| cup |
c. |
8
fl. ounces, 2 gills‡, or 14.437 cu. inches |
2.365
decilitres |
1.65
gills |
pint
(liquid)
dry see below. |
pt. |
16
fl. ounces, 2 cups, or
28.875 cu. inches |
0.473
litre |
0.83
pint |
| quart
(liquid) |
qt. |
32
fl. ounces, 4 cups, 2 pints, or 57.75 cu. inches |
0.946
litre |
0.83
quart |
| gallon |
gal. |
4
quarts or 231 cu. inches |
3.785
litres |
0.83
gallon |
| |
| dry
pint |
pt. |
0.5
(1/2) quart or
33.600
cu. inches |
0.551
litre |
0.97
pint |
| dry
quart |
qt. |
2
pints or 67.200 cu. inches |
1.101
litres |
0.97
quart |
| peck |
pk |
8
quarts or 537.605 cu. inches |
0.00881
cubic metre or 8.81 litres |
0.97
peck |
| bushel |
bu. |
4
pecks or 2150.42 cu. inches |
0.0352
cubic metres or 35.24 litres |
0.97
bushel |
*One
cubic centimetre equals one millilitre.
‡Gills are not commonly used in the U.S. |
|
IMPERIAL
MEASURE
|
SYMBOL
|
VALUE
IN SAME SYSTEM
|
APPROXIMATE
EQUIVALENT
|
| |
|
|
METRIC
|
U.S.
LIQUID
|
U.S.
DRY
|
| minim |
min. |
1/60
fl. dram or
0.00361
cu. inch |
0.05919
cu. centimetre |
0.96
miniim |
--
|
| fluid
dram |
fl.
dr. |
60
minims or
0.217
cu. inch |
3.5516
cu. centimetres |
0.96
fluid dram |
--
|
| fluid
ounce |
fl.
oz. |
8
fl. drams or
1.734
cu. inches |
28.416
cmillilitres |
0.96
fluid ounce |
--
|
| gill |
gl. |
5
fl. ounces or
8.669
cu. inches |
142.066
millilitres
or
1.42 decilitres |
4.8
fluid ounces |
--
|
| pint |
pt. |
4
gills or 34.678 cu. inches |
5.6826
decilitres |
1.2
pints |
1.03
pints |
| quart |
qt. |
2
pints or
69.335
cu. inches |
1.136
litres |
1.2
quarts |
1.03
quarts |
| gallon |
gal. |
4
quarts or
277.420
cu. inches |
4.545
litres |
1.2
gallons |
4.12
quarts |
| peck |
pk. |
2
gallons or
554.84
cu. inches |
0.009
cu. metre
or
9 litres |
--
|
1.03
pecks |
| bushel |
bu. |
4
pecks or
2,219.36
cu. inches |
0.036
cu. metre
or
36 litres |
--
|
1.03
bushels |
| quarter |
qu. |
8
bushels or 17,755 cu. inches or 0.38 cu. yard |
0.291
cu. metre
or
291 litres |
--
|
0.38
cu. yard |
Weight
|
AVOIRDUPOIS
MEASURE*
|
SYMBOL
|
VALUE
IN SAME SYSTEM
|
APPROXIMATE
EQUIVALENT
|
| |
|
|
METRIC
|
TROY
AND APOTHECARY‡
|
| grain |
gr. |
0.036
dram or 0.002285 ounce |
0.065
gram |
1
grain |
| dram |
dr. |
27.343
grains or 0.0625 ounce |
1.772
grams |
1.37
scruple or 1.14 pennyweight or 0.46 dram |
| ounce |
oz. |
16
drams or 437.5 grains |
28.350
grams |
0.911
ounce |
| pound |
lb.
or # |
16
ounces |
0.454
kilograms |
1.22
pounds |
| stone** |
st. |
14
pounds |
6.350
kilograms |
--
|
| quarter** |
qu. |
28
pounds |
12.70
kilograms |
--
|
| hundredweight |
cwt. |
|
|
--
|
|
short
hundredweight
|
|
100
pounds |
45.359
kilograms |
--
|
|
long
hundredweight
|
|
112
pounds or 8 stone |
50.802
kilograms |
--
|
| ton |
t. |
|
|
|
|
short
ton
|
|
20
short hundredweights or 2000 pounds |
0.907
metric tonne |
--
|
|
long
ton
|
|
20
long hundredweights or 2240 pounds |
1.016
metric tonnes |
--
|
*Avoirdupois
(Avoir.) weights are the common weight used for all objects
except drugs and precious stones and metals.
‡Apothecary (Apoth.) weights are used for drugs and pharmaceuticals.
Troy (T.) weights are used for precious stones and metals.
**Not used in the U.S. |
Weight
|
TROY
AND APOTHECARY MEASURE
|
SYMBOL
|
VALUE
IN SAME SYSTEM
|
APPROXIMATE
EQUIVALENT
|
| |
|
|
METRIC
|
AVOIRDUPOIS
|
|
grain |
gr. |
0.05
scruple, 0.0166 dram, 0.042 pennyweight, or 0.0021 ounce |
0.065
gram |
1
grain |
| scruple
(apoth.) |
s.
ap. |
20
grains or 0.333 dram |
1.296
grams |
0.73
dram |
| pennyweight
(troy) |
pwt. |
24
grains or 0.05 ounce |
1.555
grams |
0.88
dram |
| dram
(apoth.) |
dr.
ap. |
3
scruples or 60 grains |
3.888
grams |
2.19
drams |
| ounce |
oz.
ap.; oz. t. |
8
drams, 20 pennyweights, or 480 grains |
31.103
grams |
1.097
ounces |
| pound |
lb.
ap.; lb. t. |
12
ounces, 240 pennyweights, or 5,760 grains |
0.373
kilogram |
0.82
| |
